What are the applications of laser precision machining

At present, the traditional manufacturing industry is facing in-depth transformation and upgrading, and high-end precision machining with high added value and high technical barriers is one of the important directions. With the increase in the demand for high-precision machining, the related precision machining technology has also developed rapidly, among which laser technology has gained more and more recognition in the market.

The laser processing technology is divided into three levels according to the size of the processing material and the processing accuracy requirements: the laser processing technology of large-scale materials mainly based on medium and thick plates, the processing accuracy is generally in the millimeter or sub-millimeter level; the precision laser mainly based on thin plates Processing technology, its processing accuracy is generally in the ten-micron level; the laser micro-processing technology, which is mainly based on various thin films with a thickness of less than 100 μm, generally has a processing accuracy of less than ten microns or even sub-micron. Today we mainly introduce precision laser processing.

Laser precision machining can be divided into four categories of applications, namely precision cutting, precision welding, precision drilling and surface treatment. Under the current technological development and market environment, the application of laser cutting and welding is more popular, and 3C electronics and new energy batteries are currently the most widely used fields.

Laser Precision Cutting

Laser precision cutting uses a pulsed laser beam to focus on the surface of the processed object to form a high-energy density spot, which melts or vaporizes the processed material at an instant high temperature. Its processing characteristics are high speed, smooth and flat incision, generally no follow-up processing; small cutting heat-affected zone, small plate deformation: high processing accuracy, good repeatability, and no damage to the surface of the material.

Compared with high-power laser cutting, precision cutting generally uses nanosecond and picosecond lasers according to the processing object, which can focus on ultra-fine space areas, and has extremely high peak power and extremely short laser pulses. The influence of the surrounding material of the spatial extent involved, thus achieving the "superfine" processing. Laser precision cutting technology has unparalleled advantages in production processes that require high precision, such as mobile phone screen cutting, fingerprint identification sheets, and LED invisible dicing.

Laser Precision Welding

Laser precision welding is to irradiate a high-intensity laser beam to the working area of the processed product. Through the interaction between the laser and the material, a multi-density heat source area is quickly formed in the welded area. The heat can melt the area to be welded and then cool down. Crystallization forms a solid solder joint or seam. Its characteristics are that it does not need electrodes and filler materials, and it belongs to non-contact welding. Welding of high melting point refractory metals or materials of different thicknesses.

In the field of new energy batteries, with the promotion of new energy vehicles, the demand for power batteries continues to increase. Laser welding is a standard welding standard in the field of power batteries. It is widely used in the welding of tabs in the front section, the welding of bottom cover, top cover, and sealing nails in the middle section, and the battery connection piece and negative sealing welding in the rear section. In the field of 3C, various modules of mobile phones, mid-board covers, etc., are inseparable from laser precision welding technology.

Laser precision drilling is to reduce the spot diameter to the micron level, so as to obtain high laser power density, and laser drilling can be carried out in almost any material. Its characteristics are that it can punch holes in materials with high hardness, brittleness or softness, with small aperture, fast processing speed and high efficiency.

What are the applications of laser precision machining

Laser drilling is the most widely used in the PCB industry. Compared with the traditional PCB drilling process, the laser not only has a faster processing speed on the PCB, but also can realize the drilling of small holes, micro holes and invisible holes below 2μm that cannot be achieved by traditional equipment. hole. On the surface of electronic products, it can also be used for drilling holes on mobile phone speakers, microphones and other glass.

Laser Surface Treatment

Laser surface treatment is the use of high power density laser beams to surface treatment of metals, which can achieve phase transformation hardening, surface amorphization, surface alloying, or chemical reactions that vaporize or change the color of the surface material, thereby changing the metal material. surface properties. Its characteristics are that it does not need to use external materials, only changes the structure of the surface layer of the processed material, and the deformation of the processed part is extremely small, which is suitable for surface marking and high-precision parts processing.

Laser surface treatment can be divided into two categories according to whether or not to change the composition of the substrate. Applications that do not change the composition of the substrate include laser quenching (phase change hardening), laser cleaning, laser shock hardening and laser polarization, etc., while those that change the composition of the substrate include laser cladding, laser electroplating, laser alloying and laser vapor deposition, etc. application.